Internet and information paper Free Essays

Web and data paper BY reproducer than glad to answer them for you. There are numerous things we can do with the Internet, for example, we can converse with individuals through visit and furthermore video talk through Seep. We can likewise discover essentially whatever we have any inquiries concerning utilizing Google search or a various number of various inquiry locales which yes It makes life much simpler having the option to have this bit of leeway. We will compose a custom paper test on Web and data paper or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now It Is difficult to survey the estimation of the data on the web yet I will do this as well as can be expected. I for one see the web as of extraordinary worth. I utilize the web for such a significant number of things. I would not have the option to do my homework without the assistance of having the option to do explore online I discover numerous things I requirement for my courses by doing straightforward hunts. Your past inquiry currently carries us to the inquiry you have of how would you comprehend what is trustworthy data that we get from the web. What's more, the appropriate response is we don’t consistently know. A portion of the things you may as of now have data on and can Judge on your own whether it’s acceptable. The data that you are searching for and don’t know practically nothing about it Is harder to discover. At the point when you don’t know anything about what you are looking into you ought not stop on the main inquiry you have done you should investigate different assets and think about Information and perceive how close and what locales Information coordinate and afterward you will know for future pursuits what destinations are believable. You additionally got some information about the computerized partition. What the chital separate is the contrast between the individuals who approach the web and the individuals who don’t so there is a computerized isolate among you and l. There can be numerous occasions in the computerized isolate one of which is between individuals not having web get to which gives those of us who do approach the web as some would feel a bit of leeway. On the off chance that I have to look into something I can do that while never leaving my seat by signing onto my PC or mobile phone, you then again would need to proceed to gaze something upward in a book or library. Additionally state I need erections to get some place i should simply download an application on my advanced cell and It will give me bit by bit headings to any place I have to go, where you would need to utilize a guide I have never utilized a guide and would not start to disclose to you how to understand one. The advanced separation additionally implies things other than simply approaching the web or to me it does I feel another type of the computerized isolate are things like Faceable and other web based life. Individuals who have Faceable can without much of a stretch stay aware of every one of their companions and realize what is happening whenever during the day here the individuals who don’t approach online life don’t have this bit of leeway. We likewise approach up to the moment news anything going on anyplace on the planet we can discover close to it occurring. Presently so I put stock in an alternate sort of advanced separation and that is between the individuals who approach Internet. We as individuals have our telephones continually we are consistently on the web and we are turning out to be individuals who don’t Interact except if it is through online life or text informing we don’t address each other It’s all done through PDAs. I feel that the dig could be crossed over If more individuals either had the entrance to the web or if those that did could live in the now a smidgen and get off their clarify all the inquiries you have for me with respect to the web and how it has its points of interest in our regular day to day existence. We as individuals these days think that its difficult to work without web get to we are a gathering that has developed to depend on the web and that likely is definitely not something to be thankful for however it is what our identity is and I trust you before long get to where you can get to the web too in light of the fact that it tends to be an extremely supportive thing. Step by step instructions to refer to Internet and data paper, Papers

Fallacy Summary

Error Summary Free Online Research Papers Individuals do numerous things to attempt to win a contention or make you see their perspective. Their contention may appear to be sound and persuading yet on close assessment it might contain at least one sensible deceptions. Our reading material characterizes a misrepresentation as â€Å"an contention that contains a slip-up in reasoning† (Bassham, Irwin, Nardone Wallace, 2000, Ch 5, p 1). There are numerous misrepresentations, our course book isolates them into two essential gatherings: Fallacies of Relevance and errors of lacking proof. â€Å"Fallacies of significance are deceptions that happen in light of the fact that the premises are intelligently unessential to the end. Errors of inadequate proof are misrepresentations that happen on the grounds that the premises, however sensibly pertinent to the end, neglect to give adequate proof to help the conclusion† (Bassham, Irwin, Nardone Wallace, 2000, Ch 5, p 1). I will talk about in detail three false notions: Bandwagon Argument, Begging the Question and Slippery Slope. The initial two Bandwagon Argument and Begging the Question are false notions of significance. The third false notion, Slippery Slope is an error of inadequate proof. Temporary fad Argument A temporary fad contention is a contention that plays on the possibility that everyone is doing it, so you ought to do it as well. As opposed to taking a gander at an intelligent pertinent explanation or proof for accomplishing something, you are required to do it since everyone is doing it so why not follow the group. An instances of a fleeting trend contention is: â€Å"Everybody’s doing yoga. In this manner, you ought to too.† This plays on your longing to be in the well known group. It is erroneous in light of the fact that it expect that since something is well known it is directly for you too when in actuality you have to coherently survey on the off chance that it is directly for you. Fleeting trend argument’s essentialness to basic reasoning is that since it is famous doesn’t mean it is the correct choice for you. You despite everything need to practice gifted judgment it settling on choices and not simply go with what is well known. A case of a temporary fad contention in a hierarchical setting is with the inn business. Scarcely any lodgings were addressing whether to help a site, however were doing so in light of the fact that they appear to be battling on how best to utilize the World Wide Web. In an investigation of inn sites they found that utilizing vivified pictures and the abuse of pictures can negatively affect site achievement, yet numerous inns were utilizing it since they felt that movement simply makes the lodging site â€Å"cool† or by one way or another serious with different destinations, one can perceive this as a temporary fad contention (Murphy, Olaru, Schegg Frey, 2003). Making one wonder Making one wonder is a deception where the arguer states or expect as a reason the very thing the person is attempting to demonstrate as an end (Bassham, Irwin, Nardone Wallace, 2000, Ch 5, p 15). This kind of thinking is otherwise called round thinking in light of the fact that essentially expecting a case is genuine doesn't fill in as proof for that guarantee. A case of making one wonder deception is: â€Å"If such activities were not unlawful, at that point they would not be restricted by the law.† In this model the reason just rehashes the end premise including the case that the end is valid. A case of making one wonder misrepresentation in an authoritative setting is in the distributing industry, an announcement about paper editorialist Safire that was in the â€Å"On Language† area (2001), Pittsburgh Post †Gazette peruses, â€Å"Anything Safire says about anything is suspect since you can’t accept what you read in the newspapers.† This is a case of direct inquiry asking. Individuals who concur this is genuine would not make a contention since they underestimate a reason that is doubtful. Elusive Slope Elusive Slope false notion is submitted when we guarantee, without adequate proof that apparently innocuous move, whenever taken, will prompt an appalling result (Bassham, Irwin, Nardone Wallace, 2000, Ch 6, p 13). This is fraudulent on the grounds that there is no motivation to accept that one occasion must follow another occasion without a contention for such a case. This is particularly perceptible when extraordinary advances are taken between one occasion and another. A case of a tricky Slope contention is: â€Å"You can never offer anybody a reprieve, in the event that you do they will walk all over you.† This model is a highly contrasting misrepresentation, there is no space for the hazy area. â€Å"It ought to be noticed that numerous elusive incline contentions forget about some of or the entirety of the middle of the road steps that an arguer accepts will occur† (Bassham, Irwin, Nardone Wallace, 2000, Ch 6, p 13). A case of an elusive incline error in an authoritative setting is the contention on undeveloped organism cell-stem investigate. At the point when Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. reported it had cloned human undeveloped organisms in a procedure that could prompt solutions for a large group of crippling sicknesses, there was a huge clamor from pundits who guaranteed that their examination will lead society down that om nipresent â€Å"slippery slope†(Williamson, 2001). End Care ought to be taken when one runs over deceptions, for example, these. It can confound any great basic scholar who isn't careful about the sensible paradoxes that flourish. A contention may appear to be sound on first methodology yet with wisdom and great dynamic abilities, one ought to have the option to recognize a coherent paradox. References Bassham, G., Irwin, W., Nardone, H Wallace, J. (2000). Basic Thinking: A Students Presentation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Murphy, J., Olaru, D., Schegg, R., Frey, S. (2003, February). The fleeting trend impact: Swiss hotels’ web-sit and email the board. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Organization Quarterly, Vol 44, Iss 1; pg 71. Recovered September 18, 2005, from ProQuest database. On Language. (2001, May 13). Pittsburgh Post †Gazette, p. E.8. Recovered September 18, 2005, from ProQuest database. Williamson, D. (2001, November 27). Incongruities clone themselves; Scientists’ work spikes natural tone, cry. Wire Gazette, p B.1. Recovered September 19, 2005, from ProQuest database. Research Papers on Fallacy SummaryComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Bringing Democracy to AfricaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneWhere Wild and West Meet

Airbnb - Strategies for Renting Your Accomodation Online

Airbnb - Strategies for Renting Your Accomodation Online Airbnb is a new way for travelers to find short term accommodation at better prices. As one of the founder’s Joe Gebbia says,“We’re helping people be more resourceful with the space they already have and we’re connecting people around the world. We can see ourselves doing this for a decade to come â€" a generation.” © Shutterstock.com | mirtmirtIn this article, we will look at 1) what is Airbnb?, 2) the business model, 3) How to list successfully on Airbnb, and 4) advantages and disadvantages of listing on Airbnb.WHAT IS AIRBNB?The CompanyAirbnb is a consumer-to-consumer e-commerce platform that helps people find accommodation for short term rentals. At present, the company has close to 800,00 listings and is spread over 33,000 cities in 192 countries.To use the service, potential renters and hosts are required to register and make an online profile. As with many other C2C channels, a host who lists on the website has recommendations and reviews against their profile. These reviews and ratings are left by previous guests. There is also a response rating and private messaging service available to users.The company was founded in August 2008 and is based in San Francisco, California. The company managed to raise $119.8 million in venture funding by 2011. These funds came from a variety of firms i ncluding Y Combinator, Sequoia Capital, Greylock Partners, DST Global Solutions, Andreessen Horowitz, General Catalyst Partners, as well as from other independent partners. In 2014, the company received further funding from TPG capital. HistoryThe company was created by Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia. The idea took shape in October 2007 when they moved to San Francisco. The company began as AirBed Breakfast and was created during an Industrial Design Conference that was organized by the Industrial Designers Society of America.At this point, the site offered short term living arrangements along with breakfast. This allowed the people attending the conference to find accommodation in a saturated rental and hotel market. Since the two founder had trouble paying their own rent, they converted their living room into a bed and breakfast of sorts, where as many as three guests could stay, using air mattresses and being provided with homemade breakfast.By 2008, a third partner joined the compa ny. Nathan Blecharczyk was a Harvard graduate and a technical architect. The company continued to focus on events that were of a high-profile nature and where attendees could have problems finding affordable boarding and lodging. The website for the business was officially launched in August 2008. To fund their operation, the founders worked on creating breakfast cereals. These special edition products included ideas such as Barack Obama and John McCain inspired cereals. In a short time, as many as 800 boxes of these cereal sold for $40 each and this allowed the company to raise enough money for its incubation as well as attract the attention of Y Combinator’s Paul Graham. By 2009, Graham invited the company to join Y Combinator’s winter incubator session for three months of training. This left them in the position to come back to San Francisco with a profitable business model to present to potential investors.In the same year, the website changed from Airbedandbreakfast.com to a shorter form, Airbnb expanded to a greater number of properties that included entire apartments and houses, private rooms, castles, boats, manors, tree houses, igloos and private islands among other properties.Within a year, there were 15 employees working in the apartment where the business began. Eventually, the company moved to its first office space and continued to grow. By 2010, $7.2 million were raised in a series of funding and by 2011, the company gained further investment from A Grade Investments. The actor Ashton Kutcher was a partner in this firm, and he announced the investment as well as his role as a strategic brand advisor to the company.In 2014, the company made design revisions to its site and mobile app and introduced a new logo.International ExpansionThe company also grew internationally during this time. In May 2011, the company expanded to Germany by acquiring a local competitor by the name of Accoleo. This was the first international move and the company set up its office in Hamburg. A second international office was setup in London by October of the same year. By 2012, six new offices were set up in Paris, Milan, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Moscow and Sao Paulo. In 2013, Dublin was designated headquarter for Europe. Given the service’s popularity in Australia, Thailand and Indonesia, a new office was also created in Sydney in 2013. In the same year, the company announced plans to focus more aggressively on the Asian market with a new office in Singapore.THE BUSINESS MODEL © Flickr | Gustavo da Cunha PimentaAirbnb’s business model under the business model canvas structure can be analyzed in the following way:Customer Segments Two main categories of people are seen to use Airbnb. These are personal travelers and business travelers. Personal travelers are more price sensitive and therefore flexible about the accommodation itself. While business travelers, especially those that plan to stay longer than a day or two are more likely to focus on the place itself rather than the rental amount. Another segment comprises of locally situated people such as expatriates or students.Channels The website uses several channels to reach customers. These include advertisements online, PR and word of mouth. Online marketing is aggressively focused upon, with advertisements found on a large number of affiliate sites and major search engines. PR is also a strong channel as the story of the founders is widely known, and they appear in conferences and other press event s fairly often. Word of mouth is generated by a great user experience. This means that the company works hard on ensuring that customers have an exceptional experience both before booking and after.Customer Relationships The company keeps a balanced focus on building relationships with both hosts and renters. Hosts are the public face of the company and have many options now for listing their properties. For this reason, the company works on setting up online and offline events and support to strengthen the relationship. Similarly, the renters are the ones who pay for the service. A good user experience and support is key to maintaining this relationship.Revenue Streams The company makes money by charging a commission from both the renter and the host. Both these are kept on the lower side to encourage people to continue to use the platform. The company makes efforts to discourage transactions from being completed away from the site to prevent the commission from being lost.Value Proposition The company offers hosts a chance to earn money from an underutilized asset (Their house or spare room) and offers this service internationally that increases the customer base significantly. For the renter, there is a level of trust that the property on offer is not a scam and that they can find a place to stay for a more reasonable amount than most hotels can offer.Key Activities Major activities for the business include marketing, product development and platform development and maintenance. Apart from this, there is also the community management with home owners, through online and offline events.Key Resources A key resource for the company is its wide international network of travelers. In addition to this, well networked founders and the Airbnb brand are now key resources as well. The team also has some of the best technical and design talent in the field that allows the platform to run smoothly and remain accessible and user-friendly.Key Partners A key partner for Airbnb are tourism ministries in different countries as well as other tourism related networks. Other partners include payment partners as well as investors.Cost Structure The company has three main categories of costs. These can be broadly understood as technology, marketing and sales. Technology means the cost of top programmers and technical experts as well as things such as server space and software, etc. Marketing includes advertising and PR internationally. Sales teams are present at all major offices to further the business.Airbnb USPAirbnb differs from its competitors by being more than just a space for classified advertisements. The website facilitates the entire process of listing and booking and handles all financial transactions. This means that payments are made on time and are secure. For example, a guest has to be checked in for 24 hours before the host is paid. It is free to list a property, and the commission is only charged when a transaction goes through. Th e website also offers a review system that allows actual users to write reviews. This helps make reviews more accurate. Another aspect is the extensive network globally which helps international travelers and hosts to connect with each other easily.HOW TO LIST SUCCESSFULLY ON AIRBNB © AirbnbTips for HostsHosts are people who list their properties or rooms for rent on the website. There are some basic things that every potential host of Airbnb should keep in mind. These are:Startup Costs It is important to remember that there may be some initial costs such as extra sheets and towels, as well as other household goods, and grocery items. There may also be some costs associated with maintaining the property by getting it cleaned before and after a renter.Act like a Host, Not a Landlord The Airbnb business model means that the people coming into the house are guests and not tenants. This means that a good host should make an effort to anticipate their needs. This means providing a clean house, food, extra towels, any instructions or tips for the home or the city and other items such as tea, coffee and wine. Some hosts may consider hiring a cleaning service to avoid the hassle of having to do so themselves on a regular basis. Another good idea is to send guests a w elcome email with information such as WiFi passwords and ensure that all relevant appliances such as a cooling or heating are turned on.Make Your Listing Look Attractive A successful listing on the website needs to have not only good reviews but also detailed and attractive photos. The website offers the services of a professional photographer at no cost to do this for a host. Make sure that you complete all the verifications and profile fields on the website to make sure your listing is well placed in the search results.Be Prepared to Make A Time Investment A successful Airbnb host invests some time and effort into related activities each day. This means keeping the listing optimized, responding quickly to any queries and guest related activities such as handing over keys, cleaning, answering questions, etc. It is a good idea to have the app installed on your smartphone with some responses prepared in advance to be able to quickly reply to potential guests.Be Clear on the Type of Guests You Want Not every type of traveler may be a good fit for every host. It is a good idea to be clear about who is acceptable as a guest to you. Some hosts may prefer families while others may want to avoid children.Be Prepared for a Bad Experience Though this is not common, there can be the occasional misfit who can damage or steal property. The website requires a police report to be filed in such an instance, and an insurance claim is then processed. Tips for RentersAs with hosts, there are also some basic things that renters can do to ensure a positive Airbnb experience. These include:Consider Picking a Live-in Host If a traveler wants to be able to live like a local for a few days, then a good idea would be to pick a live-in host. This is usually a more desirable option for people traveling alone. This way, there can be an informal tour guide and a temporary companion.Use Your Own Account to Make a Booking Often a reservation may be made from a friend’s account or ev en a boss or employee’s account. This can create confusion later when it is time to review the guest and for the guest to review the host. Often this step is then ignored which is unfortunate for both parties.Communicate Before Booking It is a good idea to check if the place is available before trying to make a booking. This is good for the host as it allows them to answer a query without turning away a booking and therefore maintaining a good record for reservations. It can also help save time for the renter.Read Listing Carefully It is a good idea to go through the information in the listing before deciding to either make the booking or emailing a host with questions. Most common queries are usually addressed in the listing along with any specific caveats.Don’t Treat the House as A Hotel As a renter, you are a guest in someone else’s house. It is common courtesy to pick up after yourself, leave a clean house and be considerate of neighbors.Create a Detailed Profile A com plete profile will go a long way in helping hosts finalize your request for a booking. Even if there is no renter history or reviews, an honest and detailed profile will make a positive impact. This includes an actual photo and other basic details.Haggle A host on Airbnb may be more flexible on prices than a hotel. This means there is often room to haggle on the price. It is a good idea to keep this in moderation, however because the risk is that the host will turn down a booking if the potential renter is too aggressive.Book in Advance More experienced users of Airbnb will make it a point to charge last minute travelers higher prices. This is especially true if the traveler is linked to a special event or conference. So making a reservation in advance will help mitigate this.Pay Attention to the Host’s Rules Every host has different rules for their listing. Some may allow pets or smokers while others may prefer families without children or singles. Some may even ask you to eit her pay for cleaning or do it yourself and failure to do so may lead to a penalty. Some hosts may charge extra for a guest in case of multiple travelers.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RENTING ON AIRBNBA few pros and cons of using Airbnb are:ProsThere is an opportunity to meet new people from within the country and also all over the world. This is true for both renters and hosts.Travelers can find accommodation that offers greater value for money as well as a different experience from a hotel.Hosts have the opportunity to make money from an unutilized resource such as a spare room or an empty house.Airbnb offers support to its users, and there is an insurance coverage for property damage or theft.Users can rate each other i.e. both renters and hosts which helps create credibility.ConsOne major risk is damage to property. Though not too common, but there are stories of difficult renters who left a damaged house and missing items in their wake.Guests may also have to deal with propert ies that do not match the listing. In addition, there may be unresponsive and unhelpful hosts that make the stay unpleasant.There may also be the occasional scammer, such as a person renting someone else’s apartment without the actual owner knowing. Image credits:  Airbnb and  Flickr | Gustavo da Cunha Pimenta under Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic.

The Importance Of Practices Used By Teachers - 959 Words

These articles focus on and emphasize the importance of practices used by teachers to teach and assess student learning. One main idea present within both articles is the idea of inquiry-based teaching strategies and their use within the classroom. In the article: Unwritten Bedfellows: Discipline- based Inquiry and Standardized Examinations by Sharon Friesen, she explores the impacts of inquiry based teaching on provincial achievement exams scores. She concluded that using inquiry-based strategies had a positive impact on student achievement exam scores. These findings raise many issues with regards to the shift from old to new paradigm teaching strategies. Friesen (2010) states, â€Å" too frequently, teachers and administrators alike, allow their fear of standardized examinations to get in the way of the innovations needs to re-engineer schooling for todays world†. Why is it teachers let the fear of provincial exams get in the way of their teaching practices? Although, I am not an advocate for provincial achievement exams, they are something that I will most likely deal with as a teacher. For me the findings of this project will have a significant impact on my teaching style, not only in science but other disciplinary streams. What sort of benefits can students receive from inquiry based learning, in not only science but also other subjects? Achievement exams beside, I believe that the shift from old to new paradigm teaching styles is important. Again not only inShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of A More Effective Type Of Teacher Evaluation System1068 Words   |  5 Pagesneed for a more effective type of teacher evaluation system. She wants to describe what are the weaknesses in the checklist type of teacher evaluations that has been used as the norm in the past. Danielson wants to describe a more effective form of teacher evaluation that will be useful for the administrator and also the teacher. 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Teachers are therefore less likely to have effective implementations if they

My Personals Leadership Styles and Behaviors Essay example

Self leadership through personal learning and reflection â€Å"provides a foundation for effective leadership skills† (Watson, 2004). The Canadian College of Health Leaders (CCHL) includes self leadership as one of it’s five core leadership competencies, which is defined as â€Å"The Lead Self† domain. As part of Leading Self, effective leaders must demonstrate: self awareness, managing self, developing self and demonstrating character. (CCHL, 2010). In order to demonstrate my leadership development, I will complete an assessment of my personal leadership styles and behaviours, as evidenced through a series of validated self assessment methodologies and tools. My self reflection will include a summary of leadership strengths and weaknesses, in†¦show more content†¦According to the Myers Briggs Type Indictor (MBTI) (Appendix D) tool, outlines the different personality types and how they gather and evaluate information in the decision making process. M y specific ENFJ typology indicates that I have a strong preference for making decisions intuitively (N), demonstrating my creative and imaginative abilities. That I have slight preferences for feeling (F) and judging (J) when considering decisions, and I have marginal preference for extroversion (E). According to the Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI), reviewed in Appendix E, in situations of conflict my primary conflict mode is Compromising which reflects my ability to be an intermediate in both assertiveness and cooperation. In conflict I am able to listen, understand and empathize in a non confrontational method to identify underlying concerns. My leadership, and specifically my reaction in times of conflict will have an effect on my team. It is important that I am able to flex between conflict modes as the situation requires. 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As important as these aspects are, it is even more important that leaders take the time to evaluate their leadership style and philosophy to ensure that they remain effective and efficient in their work. Fisher (2009) notes that it is important to recognize the type of leadership that is most effective with staff, so that it can be applied accordingly. ByRead MoreLeadership S tyles From The Point Of View1294 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis The articles under analysis explore leadership styles from the point of view of their relation to gender (Merchant, 2012) and personality (Yahaya et al., 2011). Merchant (2012) provides a valuable research, which is focused on gender as the major determinant of leadership styles in individuals. Providing an analysis of literature, Merchant (2012) indicates that â€Å"many studies analyzing the intersection of gender and influence tactics have resulted in mixed finding† (p. 24). 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Aids in Africa Essay 14 Free Essays

string(27) " the war on this pandemic\." Nicole Nickerson African Politics 11/18/2009 Aids in Africa AIDS is an unfortunate and deadly disease that affects the body which is caused by HIV. The body will try to fight off the disease but as time goes on the body will start to shut down will not be able to fight off things such as bacteria and viruses. Over 58 million people have been infected by this disease and over 22 million have died from AIDS. We will write a custom essay sample on Aids in Africa Essay 14 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The epidemic spreads each and everyday, the death toll of this epidemic can not be foreseen until there is a full wave form that is seen. Africa is one of the most known continents for the AIDS epidemic. It has affected most of the countries since the late 70’s early 80’s. The WHO estimates that 12 million HIV-positive Africans are merely the tip of an iceberg; it also reports, however, that the epidemic has thus far produced only 331,000 cases of AIDS from 1981 to July 1994 (Geshekter, 5). According to the WHO estimate this shows that the 99. 95 percent of the people in Africa do not have AIDS, but 97 percent of those who have HIV were not yet proven to have developed AIDS. During the initial stages of the epidemic in the 1980s, the disease was concentrated in the so-called AIDS belt in Central Africa which encompassed the then Zaire, Kenya, Zambia, and Uganda (Agyei-Mensah, 442). In the 1990s, the disease began to spread southward to include Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, and westward to Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, Liberia, and Ghana (Agyei-Mensah, 442). It is now 2009 and there are countries that may not exist anymore due to the AIDS epidemic. AIDS in Africa has been one of the biggest issues facing African politics since the early 90s. Numerous studies into the AIDS epidemic in Africa have been conducted by Western medical and governmental organizations, as well as African medical and governmental organizations. The inherent difficulties facing the problem of Aids in Africa include unstable or ineffective African governments, poor or non-existent economies that are further hampered by the effects of aids, and cultural differences that create bias both in the reporting of the number of cases of aids and he symptomatic presentation of HIV/AIDS cases. These problems make it very difficult to combat a disease that has taken the lives of many millions of people. South Africa has a stable government but their policies on AIDS have been ineffective. In 1994 the country was criticized for prevarication and confusion on the policies that they set forth to help AIDS patience’s. The government was being blamed for misjudgment , inadequate analysis, and bureaucratic failure. The country had set up two different prescription policies to fight AIDS which were mobilization/biomedical and nationalist/ameliorative paradigm. Mobilization/biomedical would emphasized society-wide mobilization, political will, and anti-retroviral treatment, while the nationalist/ameliorative focused on poverty, individual responsibility, palliative care, traditional medicine, and appropriate care (Butler, 592). There were problems with both paradigms because of they were underpinned by different assumptions that the government needed to respond to appropriately. The AIDS policy of 1994-2004 in South Africa was brought forth by the African National Congress, the ANC-aligned United Democratic Front and the National Party government’s ministry of health to bring together a policy to fight AIDS. At the end of 1993 there were over 2,000 cases of AIDS and 500,000 people with HIV; the government had predicted that by 2000 there would be four to seven million cases of HIV with about 60 percent of death rates due to AIDS (Butler, 593). The policy was endorsed by the incoming minister Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini- Zuma who was insufficiently informed by the institutional and social realities of South Africa (Butler, 593). The policy was overestimated just as all other policies were during this time of the economy and of human resources of an incoming government. The competing claims on resources in poor provinces demanded administrative reconfiguration and had undermined implications (Butler, 593). The tenure of Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma had plagued the finical of the non-government sector and health profession. There were many scandals and corruption while trying to run this policy to help AIDS victims. In 1997 the president in waiting Thabo Mbeki promised a new outlook on this pandemic by having greater public awareness and new institutional mechanisms to address the challenges of AIDS. Mbeki had put forth new institutions to teach life skills, condom promotion, and a renewed communication strategy but these places were still unstaffed to help show the people how to stay protected. The new treatments were resisted and the government was avoiding funding AVR therapies. South Africa had policies in affect to try and fight the AIDS epidemic such as the two paradigms of mobilization/biomedical and nationalist/ameliorative. This has caused a shift in alliances and schools of thought. There were many supporters of the mobilization/ biomedical paradigm because it would prevent the transfer of HIV from mother to child and to prevent exposure to prophylaxis for rape victims and health professionals. The supporters were later at the forefront of demands for an upscale ARV treatment program. The ameliorative paradigm was missing the ARV entirely and critics argued that it did not respect the biomedical science. Mbeki had advanced the ameliorative paradigm in 1999 and he failed. The critics criticized Mbeki for failing to mobilize resources, humans and financial, behind the government response (Butler, 597). Mbeki was criticized for silences more than his words and the attributions of irrational and denials of them. The critics believe that with the delay of ARV treatment this results in denialism. Though the government of South Africa has tried to put out policies to prevent and fight the AIDS epidemic they have failed in many ways. The leaders of South Africa have put forth policies that they believed would work for its country, but they can not celebrate or say they are winning the war on this pandemic. You read "Aids in Africa Essay 14" in category "Essay examples" The government was unable to muster human resources for a universal ARV program due to political and economic defects which has delayed teaching people how to protect themselves from AIDS across the nation. Zimbabwe on the other hand is not stable when it comes to government and has been ineffective on the AIDS pandemic. There are many organizations that can help fight this epidemic but in Zimbabwe due to its wars with itself, it has yet taken any action to put up a fight against this disease. This is the worst hit country on the continent of Africa. This country fights amongst itself with coups and tribal wars. Instead of the country coming together as one to fight the war on AIDS they rather fight against each other. According to one article it states that the Zimbabwean government had swept this disease under the carpet instead of putting out policies to fight it. President Mugabe publicly acknowledged the national epidemic for the first time in April 1999, when more than 1,200 Zimbabweans were dying each week from the disease (Boone Batsell, 10). President Mugabe, although he will occasionally wear an AIDS ribbon, has never taken the sort of leadership stance (Boone Batsell, 10). In April 1999 AIDS victims were dying 1,200 in a week stance; this goes to show that Mugabe did not take responsibility for his country and make policies to save and protect his people from this disease. The people of Zimbabwe can not speak out against there leader because if they do it would cause war and chaos. The country is already in chaos not only because of loss of life due to AIDS but because of economic and tribal wars. The leaders of Zimbabwe are not making a fuss about AIDS like most other countries in Africa they are keeping it quite it makes the country seem suspicious. In the case of AIDS NGOs in Zimbabwe, limited political capacity may be due to their origin and mandates (such as providing basic services to highly localized clienteles), funding governmental, church-based, or external sources, or the absence of any organizational hold on or claim to represent their clients and constituents (Boone Batsell, 16). The country of Zimbabwe is centralized and ruled by one person, Mugabe is not putting up a fight to control the AIDS epidemic in his country and other countries see this. There are organizations that are willing to help but Mugabe refuses to get help from them such as the NGO. The country will soon have no lives left in it if the leader refuses to put out policies to protect its people from AIDS. Though Zimbabwe and South Africa have been ineffective in the fight on AIDS at least they have put an effort into trying to help its people, where as in he country of Somalia the government is non existent and there are no policies set forth for this country to control AIDS. The country has faced civil war for over 10 years so it is very hard to fight a war on a disease when the country is fighting against one another. The government can not make policies for a disease when they are worried about war with in the country. The government of Somalia has done more harm to its citizens then it ha s done good, so overall the people of Somalia are not going to trust its government to make policies that are going to benefit their well being. The people would rather go to a different country and try and survive by other policies than depend on the government to protect them and teach them about the AIDS epidemic. The country of Somalia is failing due to its own economic and warfare problems. The only way this country will have a population in years to come is if another country steps in and takes control to not only help with the AIDS problem but also stop the civil war that has gone on for over 10 years. Uganda is one country that has refused to back down on fight the AIDS epidemic. AIDS prevention and education programs have lowered the HIV infection rate (Boone Batsell, 9). Uganda where AIDS has been curbed most dramatically, the infection rate estimated to be near thirty percent in 1991 is now estimated at around twelve percent (Boone Batsell, 9). In June 2000, UNAIDS Director Peter Piot called for U. S. $2 billion to provide for more Uganda-style prevention and awareness campaigns in Africa (Boone Batsell, 9). This shows that even a country with poverty and economic problems can succeed in fighting AIDS if the policies are enforced. Some critics do not understand that Uganda is fighting AIDS and other countries such as Zimbabwe and South Africa are having such a hard time control the AIDS epidemic. The reason Uganda is doing so well is because President Yoweri Museveni adopted a nationwide plan to combat AIDS in the mid-1980s, when Uganda was facing the most staggering increase of AIDS cases of any country in the world (Boone Batsell, 9). The most distinguishing feature of Uganda’s AIDS program, a characteristic which has yet to be matched by any other African country, is sustained political commitment at the highest levels-even the health minister took to the streets to distribute condoms (Boone Batsell, 9). The President stood behind his country by taking charge and turning a horrible disease into something to learn about and protect his people from. He did not just sweep it under the carpet like the leader of Zimbabwe. As the years go on Africa’s economy gets worse by the days due to AIDS. The two major effects on the economy due to AIDS is reduction in labor supplies and increased cost. The loss of adults at their most productive years will affect over economic out put and if AIDS is more prevalent among the economic elite, then the impact could be worse then the number of deaths caused by AIDS (Bollinger Stover, 3). The cost of AIDS will affect the people of these countries due to lost time from illness, care for orphans, and costs for the company to have to find more workers. Then there is fact of having little money and having to cut into savings which reduces investment and could lead to significant reduction in economic growth. The economic effects of AIDS will be felt first by individuals and their families, then ripple outwards to firms and businesses and the macro-economy (Bollinger Stover, 4). The economic impact of AIDS on house holds will cause extreme damage. The member of the family who gets sick and is the main provider for the family will lose income. The medical bills will begin to dwindle in more and more causing debt putting the household into more carnage. Mother or daughters will begin to miss work and school to take care of the ill person, which also cause less of an income into the family. Death results in permanent loss of income, funeral cost as well as removal of children from schooling to save on experience which in the long run causes loss of future expansion. There is a backlog for those children who are orphans and are suffering from AIDS. The planning process for the government in providing this housing is made more complicated, and thus more lengthy, through the impact of HIV/AIDS (Bollinger Stover, 5). Although fewer units will probably be needed because of AIDS deaths, the structure of households may change, making planning more difficult: households may become headed by children; households may be even poorer than before and so unable to pay for even the most basic services; and the number of people per household may decrease (Bollinger Stover, 5). AIDS does not just impact households it will over time impact agriculture, firms, and other economic sectors such as health, transport, mining, education, and water. The macroeconomic impact on AIDS is the most difficult assess. Most studies have found that estimates of the macroeconomic impacts are sensitive to assumptions about how AIDS affects savings and investment rates and whether AIDS affects the best-educated employees more than others. Few studies have been able to incorporate the impacts at the household and firm level in macroeconomic projections (Bollinger Stover, 11). According to Bollinger and Stover a recent set of projections of the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa estimated that under the high impact scenario, the population size would be 22% smaller in 2010 than it would have been without AIDS. Without AIDS, the model predicts that the population would be about 59 million people in 2010, while under the high impact scenario; the population would be only 46 million people. The same model predicts that life expectancy will decrease by 45 percent under the high impact scenario, from 62 years without the impact of AIDS to 34 years under the high impact scenario. There are things that can be done to control AIDS and help the economy of Africa from being destroyed completely. A few examples are mitigating affects of AIDS on poverty, making programs to address specific problems, and preventing new infections (Bollinger Stover, 15). The government not only has to deal with the policy making to fight AIDS and deal with the different economic struggles that it faces because of AIDS but it also has to deal with the different cultural issues that makes it difficult for the government to use its sources to combat the problem. For example in the country of Rwanda there is a cultural difference between the Hutu and Tutsi. These two civilizations dislike each other due to governmental issues and due to the genocides of one another in past years. It makes it hard for countries like this to be able to come up with a policy that is going to work for everyone when they are fighting one another. Then there are some cultures that refuse to use condoms which does not make it easy to protect people from developing AIDS if they have more then one partner. A country has to have the ability to control its people and educate them on this disease because if not then those countries will end up having no population or may not exist any more. Then there is the case where some cultures people will not take medicine that is not natural. An example of that is priest or clergymen claiming that there is a miracle cure for AIDS but in some countries commercials of the sort have been banned from being played. For many people living with HIV/AIDS, their faith also extends to the skills of traditional doctors and herbalists, while for others their religious faith overlaps with non-Christian or non- Muslim belief in traditional cosmology and the spirit world as expressed through witchdoctors (Love, 645). In one sense, the strength and pervasiveness of these institutions may be regarded as a response to exclusion from Western scientific bio-medical treatments: an exclusion determined by political and economic structures often with global tentacles as outlined above, but in another, they also reflect the depth and institutional complexity of ‘traditional’ societies in their negotiation with externally introduced change (Love, 645). This is more then likely very frustrating to the government if they spend all this money to make policies for people to not take the medicine to help ease their pain but instead take natural substances to believe they are being cured when they are being hoaxed. Africa has a long way to go for its countries to over come this epidemic. There are many problems within these countries that need to be taken care of if they are going to succeed in making policies that will teach and protect its populations. The countries of South Africa and Zimbabwe are well known for there failing policies to fight AIDS. South Africa is better off then Zimbabwe because it actually tries to make policies to help its people where as Zimbabwe would rather sweep it away and pretend that it is not a problem. It seems that Somalia may be lost cause when it comes to making policy on AIDS. This country has more problems dealing with is civil war then dealing with the deaths of millions of people due to AIDS. The only way this country would be able to survey or have some type of population in the future is if another country came in and took over the government or organization that is willing to h stop the war and focuses more on the problems of its economy and health problems. Uganda is the one country that some critics don’t understand how it is doing so well on policy making for the AIDS epidemic. Uganda has kept HIV infection rates in check through aggressive, state-initiated public education campaigns. The governments that have generally dealt openly with the AIDS challenge Uganda have tried (albeit with uneven commitment and success) to cultivate broad legitimacy by encouraging some grassroots participation in the political process (Boone Batsell, 18). Organizations have tried to use Uganda along with other countries as an example for countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe which are having a rough time with control AIDS. AIDS has taken a toll on economic stability in all countries in Africa. The more AIDS cases that are known the more the countries become more poverty stricken. More children are left with out parents each and everyday due to AIDS, this also in time will live the child with out a home and living on the streets causing more poverty. The government can only provide so much for children, there are thousands of children who are orphans due to AIDS and the government can no support all of them. Political leaders need to learn from countries like Uganda so their economy will not deteriorate more then what it already has. The cultural outlook on AIDS is a very difficult one for the government of countries to deal with. If the country spends money on policies that people are not going to recognize or live by then the country will fail and over time there will be no life. It is understandable that certain people live by their tribal cultures but if it means life over death then they should succumb to what the government is doing to save lives. Millions of dollars are spend each year to find a cure to AIDS, but if these people live by their cultures way and do not believe in western science then they will fall causing the end of their tribe and culture. There have been numerous studies into the AIDS epidemic in Africa have been conducted by Western medical and governmental organizations, as well as African medical and governmental organizations. The inherent difficulties facing the problem of Aids in Africa include unstable or ineffective African governments, poor or non-existent economies that are further hampered by the effects of aids, and cultural differences that create bias both in the reporting of the number of cases of aids and the symptomatic presentation of HIV/Aids cases. These problems make it very difficult to combat a disease that has taken the lives of many millions of people. Based on the facts in this paper if the countries of Africa do not form good policies or come together as one unit then not only will the countries loss lives the whole continent will become a blur. Work Cited Agyei-Mensah, Samuel, ‘Twelve Years of HIV/ AIDS in Ghana: Puzzles of Interpretation’ Canadian Journal of African Studies 35. 3. (2001) pp. 441-72. Bollinger, Lori Stover, John. ‘The Economic Impact of AIDS in South Africa’ 999. pp. 1-16. Boone, Catherine Batsell, Jake, ‘Politics and AIDS in Africa: Research Agendas in Political Science and International Relations’ Africa Today 48. 2. (2001). pp. 3-33 Butler, Anthony, ‘South Africa’s HIV/AIDS Policy, 1994-2004: How Can it be Explained? ’ African Affairs 104, (2005). pp 591-614. Geshekter, Charles, ‘Outbreak? AIDS, Africa, and the Medicalization of Pover ty’ Tradition 67. (1995) pp. 4-14. Love, Roy, ‘HIV/AIDS in Africa: Links, Livelihoods Legacies’ Review of African Political Economy 31. 102. (2004). pp. 639-48 How to cite Aids in Africa Essay 14, Essays

John Steinbeck Essays (1201 words) - John Steinbeck, Salinas Valley

John Steinbeck A novelist is someone who writes novels, or writes a fancy work of fiction which often has a complicated plot, many major and minor characters, a significant theme, and several varied settings. A novelist will use literary devices such as characterization, tone, symbolism, imagery, and figurative language. John Steinbeck, an American novelist, uses many literary devices such as metaphors, similes, imagery, and figurative language along with excellent descriptive words to develop his characters and vividly describe their surroundings. His masterly of these and other techniques, in my opinion, is why John Steinbecks novels, like The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men, have survived the test of time. Johns writing style was developed from the experiences in his life; this may be why he is so interesting to read, because John has had an interesting life. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in the Salinas Fertile Valley, California. His father, John Ernst Steinbeck, was a simple farmer and the treasurer of Monterey County, California. His mother, Olive Hamilton Steinbeck, was a school teacher and she was the one person who was responsible for introducing him to the wonderful world of famous literature. She also read and taught him Shakespeare and other famous writers. John Steinbeck had two younger sisters, Ester and Elizabeth. John grew up in Salinas on a farm and was surrounded by animals and other forms of nature, this is the main reason that John had such a love of all forms of nature and wildlife. He graduated from Salinas High School in 1919 and then went to Standford University in 1920. At Standford he published The Standford Spectatorm, his first short story. Durin g a break from Standford, John got a job on Spreckels Ranch near Salinas. While he worked there, he was able to observe firsthand the lives of bindle stiffs and ranch bosses. These observations would later on become the characters in Of Mice and Men. John eventually dropped out of Standford University and began his career as a full-time writer. In 1930, Steinbeck meet Ed Ricketts, who soon is to be his life-long friend. Also that year, he married his sweetheart, Ms. Carol Henning. He then moved to Pacific Grove to find a publisher for A God Unknown. He failed to find a publisher but that did not stop him and he began writing stories for Pastures of Heaven. While writing this short story, he met another man that also became his friend for live by the name of Joseph Campbell. Joseph was a Jungian and a mythologist. He also was the person responsible for getting Steinbecks Pastures of Heaven published later that year. In 1933, Joseph also helped publish To a God Unknown and The Red Pon y Stories. 1934 was an extremely tragic year for Mr. Steinbeck, the year began good when his story, The Murder, appeared in O. Henry Prize Stories. Later that year, John was dealt a tremendous blow when his mother died. John was so upset that he did not write anything for another year. Then when he began to recover and start writing again, his father died in 1936. At that time, John Steinbeck was about half way through writing Of Mice and Men. Again because of Johns despair, he was not able to finish this book right away. But finally he was able to finish it in 1937, and it was published and became his first best seller. In 1939, Steinbecks had his favorite year, John was elected to The National Institute of Arts and Letters. He also published his Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Grapes of Wraith. The year of 1944 had many ups and downs for John Steinbeck. A wonderful event was the birth of his first son on the second of August. John had to fight to have his name removed from the cr edits of Lifeboat because he believed he did not believe in racism and he believed it was involved and promoted in the film. In 1962, Steinbeck was honored again with the award of The Nobel Prize in literature. John Steinbecks use of Charicterization and Imagery can easily be show through his best selling novel Of Mice and Men. The book